First Genetically Edited Pig Kidney Successfully Transplanted into a Human
This isn’t technically research, but it’s simply too exciting not to share! Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) has achieved a monumental milestone: the world’s first successful transplant of a genetically edited pig kidney into a 62-year-old man with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). This groundbreaking procedure offers a glimpse into a future where organ shortages might be a thing of the past.
Why This Matters
More than 100,000 people in the U.S. are waiting for organ transplants, with 17 dying every day due to a lack of available donors. The need for kidneys is especially dire, as they are the most commonly transplanted organ. This pioneering procedure opens a new frontier in transplantation, offering hope to thousands of patients who face long, uncertain waits for a donor organ.
The Procedure
Performed by a team of expert surgeons at MGH, the four-hour procedure involved a kidney from a genetically edited pig. The kidney underwent 69 genomic edits using CRISPR-Cas9 technology to improve compatibility with humans. Harmful pig genes were removed, and specific human genes were added. These changes were designed to prevent rejection and eliminate risks, such as infection from porcine retroviruses.
The recipient, Mr. Richard “Rick” Slayman, had been living with kidney failure exacerbated by Type 2 diabetes and hypertension. After his first kidney transplant began to fail, he resumed dialysis and faced severe complications. The pig kidney transplant was suggested as a potential solution, not only for his immediate needs but as a trailblazing effort for the future of transplantation.
A Collaborative Triumph
The success of this historic surgery reflects decades of research and collaboration. MGH worked closely with eGenesis, a Cambridge-based biotechnology company, to develop the genetically modified pig kidney. The transplant was supported under an FDA Expanded Access Protocol, allowing the use of experimental treatments when no other options are available.
"This breakthrough represents the culmination of efforts by thousands of scientists and physicians over several decades," said Dr. Tatsuo Kawai, the lead surgeon. "We are privileged to play a role in what we hope will become a lifeline for millions of patients worldwide."
The Science Behind It
The procedure involved more than just the transplant itself. Mr. Slayman also received novel immunosuppressant drugs to prevent rejection of the pig kidney. Post-surgery, his recovery has been remarkable, and he is expected to be discharged soon. Doctors and researchers continue to monitor his progress as they refine the process for future patients.
A Hopeful Future
Xenotransplantation—the transplantation of organs from one species to another—could revolutionize organ donation. With genetically edited organs potentially eliminating compatibility issues, the global organ shortage could finally see a solution. Experts believe this advancement could also address disparities in access to transplants, particularly for ethnic minority patients who are disproportionately affected by organ shortages.
Dr. Leonardo Riella, Medical Director for Kidney Transplantation, expressed his optimism: “Seventy years after the first human kidney transplant, we stand on the brink of a monumental breakthrough. Xenotransplantation represents a promising solution to the organ shortage crisis.”
A Personal Hero
Mr. Slayman’s bravery in undergoing this procedure cannot be overstated. “The real hero today is the patient,” said Dr. Joren Madsen, Director of the MGH Transplant Center. “This success would not have been possible without his courage and willingness to explore uncharted territory.”
Mr. Slayman himself shared, “I saw this as not just a way to help me, but as a way to provide hope for thousands of people waiting for a transplant.”
This landmark achievement is more than just a medical success—it’s a beacon of hope for the future. The potential to save lives, reduce waitlists, and provide equitable access to organ transplants is now closer than ever. As MGH continues its pioneering work in xenotransplantation, this breakthrough represents a defining moment in the history of medicine.
Citation: Chase, B. (2024, March 21). World’s First Genetically-Edited Pig Kidney Transplant into Living Recipient Performed at Massachusetts General Hospital. Massachusetts General Hospital. https://www.massgeneral.org/news/press-release/worlds-first-genetically-edited-pig-kidney-transplant-into-living-recipient